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<chapter id="administration">
  <title>Administering Bugzilla</title>

  <section id="parameters">
    <title>Bugzilla Configuration</title>

    <para>
      Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed
      from the "Parameters" link in the Administration page (the 
      Administration page can be found by clicking the "Administration"
      link in the footer). The parameters are divided into several categories,
      accessed via the menu on the left. Following is a description of the 
      different categories and important parameters within those categories. 
    </para>

      <section id="param-requiredsettings">
        <title>Required Settings</title>

        <para>
          The core required parameters for any Bugzilla installation are set
          here. These parameters must be set before a new Bugzilla installation
          can be used. Administrators should review this list before 
          deploying a new Bugzilla installation.
        </para>

        <indexterm>
          <primary>checklist</primary>
        </indexterm>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              maintainer
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para> 
              Email address of the person 
              responsible for maintaining this Bugzilla installation.
              The address need not be that of a valid Bugzilla account.
            </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              urlbase
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines the fully qualified domain name and web 
                server path to this Bugzilla installation.
              </para>
              <para>
                For example, if the Bugzilla query page is
                <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi</filename>, 
                the <quote>urlbase</quote> should be set
                to <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              docs_urlbase
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines path to the Bugzilla documentation. This can be a fully
                qualified domain name, or a path relative to "urlbase".
              </para>
              <para>
                For example, if the "Bugzilla Configuration" page 
                of the documentation is
                <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/parameters.html</filename>, 
                set the <quote>docs_urlbase</quote>
                to <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/docs/html/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              sslbase
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines the fully qualified domain name and web 
                server path for HTTPS (SSL) connections to this Bugzilla installation.
              </para>
              <para>
                For example, if the Bugzilla main page is
                <filename>https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/index.cgi</filename>, 
                the <quote>sslbase</quote> should be set
                to <filename>https://www.foo.com/bugzilla/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              ssl_redirect
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                If enabled, Bugzilla will force HTTPS (SSL) connections, by
                automatically redirecting any users who try to use a non-SSL
                connection.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              cookiedomain
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
               Defines the domain for Bugzilla cookies. This is typically left blank.
               If there are multiple hostnames that point to the same webserver, which
               require the same cookie, then this parameter can be utilized. For
               example, If your website is at 
               <filename>https://www.foo.com/</filename>, setting this to 
               <filename>.foo.com/</filename> will also allow 
               <filename>bar.foo.com/</filename> to access Bugzilla cookies.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              cookiepath
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines a path, relative to the web server root, that Bugzilla
                cookies will be restricted to. For example, if the 
                <command>urlbase</command> is set to
                <filename>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/</filename>, the 
                <command>cookiepath</command> should be set to 
                <filename>/bugzilla/</filename>. Setting it to "/" will allow all sites 
                served by this web server or virtual host to read Bugzilla cookies.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              utf8
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
               Determines whether to use UTF-8 (Unicode) encoding for all text in 
               Bugzilla. New installations should set this to true to avoid character 
               encoding problems. Existing databases should set this to true only 
               after the data has been converted from existing legacy character 
               encoding to UTF-8, using the 
               <filename>contrib/recode.pl</filename> script.
              </para>
              <note>
                <para>
                  If you turn this parameter from "off" to "on", you must re-run 
                  <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> immediately afterward.
                </para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              shutdownhtml
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                If there is any text in this field, this Bugzilla installation will
                be completely disabled and this text will appear instead of all
                Bugzilla pages for all users, including Admins. Used in the event 
                of site maintenance or outage situations. 
              </para>
              <note>
                <para>
                  Although regular log-in capability is disabled while 
                  <command>shutdownhtml</command>
                  is enabled, safeguards are in place to protect the unfortunate 
                  admin who loses connection to Bugzilla. Should this happen to you,
                  go directly to the <filename>editparams.cgi</filename> (by typing
                  the URL in manually, if necessary). Doing this will prompt you to
                  log in, and your name/password will be accepted here (but nowhere
                  else). 
                </para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              announcehtml
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Any text in this field will be displayed at the top of every HTML
                page in this Bugzilla installation. The text is not wrapped in any
                tags. For best results, wrap the text in a <quote>&lt;div&gt;</quote>
                tag. Any style attributes from the CSS can be applied. For example,
                to make the text green inside of a red box, add <quote>id=message</quote>
                to the <quote>&lt;div&gt;</quote> tag.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              proxy_url
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                If this Bugzilla installation is behind a proxy, enter the proxy 
                information here to enable Bugzilla to access the Internet. Bugzilla
                requires Internet access to utilize the 
                <command>upgrade_notification</command> parameter (below). If the 
                proxy requires authentication, use the syntax:
                <filename>http://user:pass@proxy_url/</filename>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              upgrade_notification
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Enable or disable a notification on the homepage of this Bugzilla
                installation when a newer version of Bugzilla is available. This
                notification is only visible to administrators. Choose "disabled",
                to turn off the notification. Otherwise, choose which version of
                Bugzilla you want to be notified about: "development_snapshot" is the
                latest release on the trunk; "latest_stable_release" is the most 
                recent release available on the most recent stable branch; 
                "stable_branch_release" the most recent release on the branch 
                this installation is based on.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-admin-policies">
          <title>Administrative Policies</title>
          <para>
            This page contains parameters for basic administrative functions.
            Options include whether to allow the deletion of bugs and users,
            and whether to allow users to change their email address.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-user-authentication">
          <title>User Authentication</title>
          <para>
            This page contains the settings that control how this Bugzilla
            installation will do its authentication. Choose what authentication
            mechanism to use (the Bugzilla database, or an external source such
            as LDAP), and set basic behavioral parameters. For example, choose
            whether to require users to login to browse bugs, the management
            of authentication cookies, and the regular expression used to
            validate email addresses. Some parameters are highlighted below.
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              emailregexp
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Defines the regular expression used to validate email addresses
                used for login names. The default attempts to match fully
                qualified email addresses (i.e. 'user@example.com'). Some
                Bugzilla installations allow only local user names (i.e 'user' 
                instead of 'user@example.com'). In that case, the 
                <command>emailsuffix</command> parameter should be used to define
                the email domain.    
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              emailsuffix
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This string is appended to login names when actually sending 
                email to a user. For example,
                If <command>emailregexp</command> has been set to allow
                local usernames,
                then this parameter would contain the email domain for all users
                (i.e. '@example.com').   
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-attachments">
          <title>Attachments</title>
          <para>
            This page allows for setting restrictions and other parameters
            regarding attachments to bugs. For example, control size limitations
            and whether to allow pointing to external files via a URI.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-bug-change-policies">
          <title>Bug Change Policies</title>
          <para>
            Set policy on default behavior for bug change events. For example,
            choose which status to set a bug to when it is marked as a duplicate,
            and choose whether to allow bug reporters to set the priority or
            target milestone. Also allows for configuration of what changes
            should require the user to make a comment, described below.    
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              commenton*
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                All these fields allow you to dictate what changes can pass
                without comment, and which must have a comment from the
                person who changed them.  Often, administrators will allow
                users to add themselves to the CC list, accept bugs, or
                change the Status Whiteboard without adding a comment as to
                their reasons for the change, yet require that most other
                changes come with an explanation.
              </para>

              <para>
                Set the "commenton" options according to your site policy. It
                is a wise idea to require comments when users resolve, reassign, or
                reopen bugs at the very least. 
              </para>

              <note>
                <para>
                  It is generally far better to require a developer comment
                  when resolving bugs than not. Few things are more annoying to bug
                  database users than having a developer mark a bug "fixed" without
                  any comment as to what the fix was (or even that it was truly
                  fixed!)
                </para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              noresolveonopenblockers
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This option will prevent users from resolving bugs as FIXED if
                they have unresolved dependencies. Only the FIXED resolution
                is affected. Users will be still able to resolve bugs to
                resolutions other than FIXED if they have unresolved dependent
                bugs.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-bugfields">
          <title>Bug Fields</title>
          <para>
            The parameters in this section determine the default settings of
            several Bugzilla fields for new bugs, and also control whether
            certain fields are used. For example, choose whether to use the
            "target milestone" field or the "status whiteboard" field.
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>    
            <term>
              useqacontact
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This allows you to define an email address for each component, 
                in addition to that of the default assignee, who will be sent
                carbon copies of incoming bugs.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              usestatuswhiteboard
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This defines whether you wish to have a free-form, overwritable field
                associated with each bug. The advantage of the Status Whiteboard is
                that it can be deleted or modified with ease, and provides an
                easily-searchable field for indexing some bugs that have some trait
                in common.         
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-bugmoving">
          <title>Bug Moving</title>
          <para>
            This page controls whether this Bugzilla installation allows certain
            users to move bugs to an external database. If bug moving is enabled,
            there are a number of parameters that control bug moving behaviors. 
            For example, choose which users are allowed to move bugs, the location
            of the external database, and the default product and component that
            bugs moved <emphasis>from</emphasis> other bug databases to this 
            Bugzilla installation are assigned to. 
          </para>

        </section>

        <section id="param-dependency-graphs">
          <title>Dependency Graphs</title>
          <para>
            This page has one parameter that sets the location of a Web Dot
            server, or of the Web Dot binary on the local system, that is used
            to generate dependency graphs. Web Dot is a CGI program that creates
            images from <filename>.dot</filename> graphic description files. If
            no Web Dot server or binary is specified, then dependency graphs will
            be disabled.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-group-security">
          <title>Group Security</title>
            <para>
              Bugzilla allows for the creation of different groups, with the
              ability to restrict the visibility of bugs in a group to a set of 
              specific users. Specific products can also be associated with
              groups, and users restricted to only see products in their groups.
              Several parameters are described in more detail below. Most of the
              configuration of groups and their relationship to products is done
              on the "Groups" and "Product" pages of the "Administration" area.
              The options on this page control global default behavior. 
              For more information on Groups and Group Security, see
              <xref linkend="groups"/> 
            </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              makeproductgroups
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Determines whether or not to automatically create groups
                when new products are created. If this is on, the groups will be
                used for querying bugs.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              usevisibilitygroups
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                If selected, user visibility will be restricted to members of
                groups, as selected in the group configuration settings. 
                Each user-defined group can be allowed to see members of selected
                other groups. 
                For details on configuring groups (including the visibility 
                restrictions) see <xref linkend="edit-groups"/>. 
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              querysharegroup
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                The name of the group of users who are allowed to share saved
                searches with one another. For more information on using 
                saved searches, see <xref linkend="savedsearches"/>.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>
    
        </section>

        <section id="bzldap">
          <title>LDAP Authentication</title>

          <para>LDAP authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin 
          authentication architecture. This page contains all the parameters
          necessary to configure Bugzilla for use with LDAP authentication.
          </para>

          <para>
          The existing authentication
          scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses as the primary user ID, and a
          password to authenticate that user. All places within Bugzilla that
          require a user ID (e.g assigning a bug) use the email
          address. The LDAP authentication builds on top of this scheme, rather
          than replacing it. The initial log-in is done with a username and
          password for the LDAP directory. Bugzilla tries to bind to LDAP using
          those credentials and, if successful, tries to map this account to a
          Bugzilla account. If an LDAP mail attribute is defined, the value of this
          attribute is used, otherwise the "emailsuffix" parameter is appended to LDAP
          username to form a full email address. If an account for this address
          already exists in the Bugzilla installation, it will log in to that account.
          If no account for that email address exists, one is created at the time
          of login. (In this case, Bugzilla will attempt to use the "displayName"
          or "cn" attribute to determine the user's full name.) After
          authentication, all other user-related tasks are still handled by email
          address, not LDAP username. For example, bugs are still assigned by
          email address and users are still queried by email address.
          </para>

          <caution>
            <para>Because the Bugzilla account is not created until the first time
            a user logs in, a user who has not yet logged is unknown to Bugzilla.
            This means they cannot be used as an assignee or QA contact (default or
            otherwise), added to any CC list, or any other such operation. One
            possible workaround is the <filename>bugzilla_ldapsync.rb</filename>
            script in the
            <glossterm linkend="gloss-contrib">
            <filename class="directory">contrib</filename></glossterm> 
            directory. Another possible solution is fixing
            <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201069">bug
            201069</ulink>.
            </para>
          </caution>

          <para>Parameters required to use LDAP Authentication:</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry id="param-user_verify_class_for_ldap">
              <term>user_verify_class</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>If you want to list <quote>LDAP</quote> here,
                make sure to have set up the other parameters listed below.
                Unless you have other (working) authentication methods listed as
                well, you may otherwise not be able to log back in to Bugzilla once
                you log out.
                If this happens to you, you will need to manually edit
                <filename>data/params</filename> and set user_verify_class to
                <quote>DB</quote>.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
    
            <varlistentry id="param-LDAPserver">
              <term>LDAPserver</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the
                port) of your LDAP server. If no port is specified, it assumes
                the default LDAP port of 389.
                </para>
                <para>For example: <quote>ldap.company.com</quote>
                 or <quote>ldap.company.com:3268</quote>
                </para>
                <para>You can also specify a LDAP URI, so as to use other
                protocols, such as LDAPS or LDAPI. If port was not specified in
                the URI, the default is either 389 or 636 for 'LDAP' and 'LDAPS'
                schemes respectively.
                </para>
                <tip>
                  <para>
                    In order to use SSL with LDAP, specify a URI with "ldaps://".
                    This will force the use of SSL over port 636.
                  </para>
                </tip>
                <para>For example, normal LDAP: 
                <quote>ldap://ldap.company.com</quote>, LDAP over SSL:
                <quote>ldaps://ldap.company.com</quote> or LDAP over a UNIX 
                domain socket <quote>ldapi://%2fvar%2flib%2fldap_sock</quote>.
                </para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>
    
             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPbinddn">
               <term>LDAPbinddn [Optional]</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>Some LDAP servers will not allow an anonymous bind to search
                 the directory. If this is the case with your configuration you
                 should set the LDAPbinddn parameter to the user account Bugzilla
                 should use instead of the anonymous bind.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>cn=default,cn=user:password</quote></para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>
    
             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPBaseDN">
               <term>LDAPBaseDN</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>The LDAPBaseDN parameter should be set to the location in
                 your LDAP tree that you would like to search for email addresses.
                 Your uids should be unique under the DN specified here.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>ou=People,o=Company</quote></para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>
    
             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPuidattribute">
               <term>LDAPuidattribute</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>The LDAPuidattribute parameter should be set to the attribute
                 which contains the unique UID of your users. The value retrieved
                 from this attribute will be used when attempting to bind as the
                 user to confirm their password.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>uid</quote></para>
               </listitem>
             </varlistentry>

             <varlistentry id="param-LDAPmailattribute">
               <term>LDAPmailattribute</term>
               <listitem>
                 <para>The LDAPmailattribute parameter should be the name of the
                 attribute which contains the email address your users will enter
                 into the Bugzilla login boxes.
                 </para>
                 <para>Ex. <quote>mail</quote></para>
               </listitem>
              </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="bzradius">
          <title>RADIUS Authentication</title>

          <para>
          RADIUS authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin 
          authentication architecture. This page contains all the parameters
          necessary for configuring Bugzilla to use RADIUS authentication.
          </para>
          <note>
            <para>
              Most caveats that apply to LDAP authentication apply to RADIUS
              authentication as well. See <xref linkend="bzldap"/> for details.
            </para>
          </note>

          <para>Parameters required to use RADIUS Authentication:</para>

          <variablelist>
            <varlistentry id="param-user_verify_class_for_radius">
              <term>user_verify_class</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>If you want to list <quote>RADIUS</quote> here,
                make sure to have set up the other parameters listed below.
                Unless you have other (working) authentication methods listed as
                well, you may otherwise not be able to log back in to Bugzilla once
                you log out.
                If this happens to you, you will need to manually edit
                <filename>data/params</filename> and set user_verify_class to
                <quote>DB</quote>.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
    
            <varlistentry id="param-RADIUS_server">
              <term>RADIUS_server</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the
                port) of your RADIUS server.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
    
            <varlistentry id="param-RADIUS_secret">
              <term>RADIUS_secret</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>This parameter should be set to the RADIUS server's secret.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>

            <varlistentry id="param-RADIUS_email_suffix">
              <term>RADIUS_email_suffix</term>
              <listitem>
                <para>Bugzilla needs an e-mail address for each user account.
                Therefore, it needs to determine the e-mail address corresponding
                to a RADIUS user.
                Bugzilla offers only a simple way to do this: it can concatenate
                a suffix to the RADIUS user name to convert it into an e-mail
                address.
                You can specify this suffix in the RADIUS_email_suffix parameter.
                </para>
                <para>If this simple solution does not work for you, you'll
                probably need to modify
                <filename>Bugzilla/Auth/Verify/RADIUS.pm</filename> to match your
                requirements.
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </varlistentry>
          </variablelist>

        </section>
    
        <section id="param-email">
          <title>Email</title>
          <para>
            This page contains all of the parameters for configuring how
            Bugzilla deals with the email notifications it sends. See below
            for a summary of important options. 
          </para>

        <variablelist>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              mail_delivery_method
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This is used to specify how email is sent, or if it is sent at 
                all.  There are several options included for different MTAs, 
                along with two additional options that disable email sending.  
                "Test" does not send mail, but instead saves it in 
                <filename>data/mailer.testfile</filename> for later review.  
                "None" disables email sending entirely.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              mailfrom
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This is the email address that will appear in the "From" field
                of all emails sent by this Bugzilla installation. Some email
                servers require mail to be from a valid email address, therefore
                it is recommended to choose a valid email address here.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              whinedays
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Set this to the number of days you want to let bugs go
                in the CONFIRMED state before notifying people they have
                untouched new bugs. If you do not plan to use this feature, simply 
                do not set up the whining cron job described in the installation
                instructions, or set this value to "0" (never whine).
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

          <varlistentry>
            <term>
              globalwatcher
            </term>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                This allows you to define specific users who will
                receive notification each time a new bug in entered, or when
                an existing bug changes, according to the normal groupset
                permissions. It may be useful for sending notifications to a
                mailing-list, for instance.
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </varlistentry>

        </variablelist>

        </section>

        <section id="param-patchviewer">
          <title>Patch Viewer</title>
          <para>
            This page contains configuration parameters for the CVS server, 
            Bonsai server and LXR server that Bugzilla will use to enable the
            features of the Patch Viewer. Bonsai is a tool that enables queries 
            to a CVS tree. LXR is a tool that can cross reference and index source
            code.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-querydefaults">
          <title>Query Defaults</title>
          <para>
            This page controls the default behavior of Bugzilla in regards to 
            several aspects of querying bugs. Options include what the default
            query options are, what the "My Bugs" page returns, whether users
            can freely add bugs to the quip list, and how many duplicate bugs are 
            needed to add a bug to the "most frequently reported" list.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="param-shadowdatabase">
          <title>Shadow Database</title>
          <para>
            This page controls whether a shadow database is used, and all the
            parameters associated with the shadow database. Versions of Bugzilla
            prior to 3.2 used the MyISAM table type, which supports
            only table-level write locking. With MyISAM, any time someone is making a change to 
            a bug, the entire table is locked until the write operation is complete.
            Locking for write also blocks reads until the write is complete.
          </para> 
          <para>
            The <quote>shadowdb</quote> parameter was designed to get around
            this limitation. While only a single user is allowed to write to
            a table at a time, reads can continue unimpeded on a read-only
            shadow copy of the database.
          </para>

          <note>
            <para>
              As of version 3.2, Bugzilla no longer uses the MyISAM table type.
              Instead, InnoDB is used, which can do transaction-based locking.
              Therefore, the limitations the Shadow Database feature was designed
              to workaround no longer exist.
            </para>
          </note>

        </section>

        <section id="admin-usermatching">
          <title>User Matching</title>
          <para>
            The settings on this page control how users are selected and queried
            when adding a user to a bug. For example, users need to be selected
            when choosing who the bug is assigned to, adding to the CC list or 
            selecting a QA contact. With the "usemenuforusers" parameter, it is 
            possible to configure Bugzilla to 
            display a list of users in the fields instead of an empty text field.
            This should only be used in Bugzilla installations with a small number
            of users. If users are selected via a text box, this page also
            contains parameters for how user names can be queried and matched
            when entered.
          </para>

        </section>

  </section>

  <section id="useradmin">
    <title>User Administration</title>

    <section id="defaultuser">
      <title>Creating the Default User</title>

      <para>When you first run checksetup.pl after installing Bugzilla, it
      will prompt you for the administrative username (email address) and
      password for this "super user". If for some reason you delete
      the "super user" account, re-running checksetup.pl will again prompt
      you for this username and password.</para>

      <tip>
        <para>If you wish to add more administrative users, add them to 
        the "admin" group and, optionally, edit the tweakparams, editusers,
        creategroups, editcomponents, and editkeywords groups to add the
        entire admin group to those groups (which is the case by default).
        </para>
      </tip>
    </section>

    <section id="manageusers">
      <title>Managing Other Users</title>

      <section id="user-account-search">
        <title>Searching for existing users</title>

        <para>
          If you have <quote>editusers</quote> privileges or if you are allowed
          to grant privileges for some groups, the <quote>Users</quote> link
          will appear in the Administration page.
        </para>

        <para>
          The first screen is a search form to search for existing user
          accounts. You can run searches based either on the user ID, real
          name or login name (i.e. the email address, or just the first part
          of the email address if the "emailsuffix" parameter is set).
          The search can be conducted
          in different ways using the listbox to the right of the text entry
          box. You can match by case-insensitive substring (the default),
          regular expression, a <emphasis>reverse</emphasis> regular expression
          match (which finds every user name which does NOT match the regular
          expression), or the exact string if you know exactly who you are
          looking for. The search can be restricted to users who are in a
          specific group. By default, the restriction is turned off.
        </para>

        <para>
          The search returns a list of
          users matching your criteria. User properties can be edited by clicking
          the login name. The Account History of a user can be viewed by clicking
          the "View" link in the Account History column. The Account History
          displays changes that have been made to the user account, the time of
          the change and the user who made the change. For example, the Account
          History page will display details of when a user was added or removed
          from a group.
        </para>
      </section>

      <section id="createnewusers">
        <title>Creating new users</title>

        <section id="self-registration">
          <title>Self-registration</title>

          <para>
            By default, users can create their own user accounts by clicking the
            <quote>New Account</quote> link at the bottom of each page (assuming
            they aren't logged in as someone else already). If you want to disable
            this self-registration, or if you want to restrict who can create his
            own user account, you have to edit the <quote>createemailregexp</quote>
            parameter in the <quote>Configuration</quote> page, see
            <xref linkend="parameters" />.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="user-account-creation">
          <title>Accounts created by an administrator</title>

          <para>
            Users with <quote>editusers</quote> privileges, such as administrators,
            can create user accounts for other users:
          </para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>After logging in, click the "Users" link at the footer of
              the query page, and then click "Add a new user".</para>
            </listitem>

            <listitem>
              <para>Fill out the form presented. This page is self-explanatory.
              When done, click "Submit".</para>

              <note>
                <para>Adding a user this way will <emphasis>not</emphasis>
                send an email informing them of their username and password.
                While useful for creating dummy accounts (watchers which
                shuttle mail to another system, for instance, or email
                addresses which are a mailing list), in general it is
                preferable to log out and use the <quote>New Account</quote>
                button to create users, as it will pre-populate all the
                required fields and also notify the user of her account name
                and password.</para>
              </note>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>
        </section>
      </section>

      <section id="modifyusers">
        <title>Modifying Users</title>

        <para>Once you have found your user, you can change the following
        fields:</para>

        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>Login Name</emphasis>: 
            This is generally the user's full email address. However, if you
            have are using the <quote>emailsuffix</quote> parameter, this may
            just be the user's login name. Note that users can now change their
            login names themselves (to any valid email address).
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>Real Name</emphasis>: The user's real name. Note that
            Bugzilla does not require this to create an account.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>Password</emphasis>: 
            You can change the user's password here. Users can automatically
            request a new password, so you shouldn't need to do this often.
            If you want to disable an account, see Disable Text below.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Bugmail Disabled</emphasis>:
              Mark this checkbox to disable bugmail and whinemail completely
              for this account. This checkbox replaces the data/nomail file
              which existed in older versions of Bugzilla.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Disable Text</emphasis>: 
              If you type anything in this box, including just a space, the
              user is prevented from logging in, or making any changes to 
              bugs via the web interface. 
              The HTML you type in this box is presented to the user when
              they attempt to perform these actions, and should explain
              why the account was disabled.
            </para>
            <para>
              Users with disabled accounts will continue to receive
              mail from Bugzilla; furthermore, they will not be able
              to log in themselves to change their own preferences and
              stop it. If you want an account (disabled or active) to
              stop receiving mail, simply check the
              <quote>Bugmail Disabled</quote> checkbox above.
            </para>
            <note>
              <para>
                Even users whose accounts have been disabled can still
                submit bugs via the e-mail gateway, if one exists.
                The e-mail gateway should <emphasis>not</emphasis> be
                enabled for secure installations of Bugzilla.
              </para>
            </note>
            <warning>
              <para>
                Don't disable all the administrator accounts!
              </para>
            </warning>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>&lt;groupname&gt;</emphasis>: 
            If you have created some groups, e.g. "securitysensitive", then
            checkboxes will appear here to allow you to add users to, or
            remove them from, these groups. The first checkbox gives the
            user the ability to add and remove other users as members of
            this group. The second checkbox adds the user himself as a member
            of the group.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>canconfirm</emphasis>: 
            This field is only used if you have enabled the "unconfirmed"
            status. If you enable this for a user,
            that user can then move bugs from "Unconfirmed" to a "Confirmed"
            status (e.g.: "New" status).</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>creategroups</emphasis>: 
            This option will allow a user to create and destroy groups in
            Bugzilla.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editbugs</emphasis>: 
            Unless a user has this bit set, they can only edit those bugs
            for which they are the assignee or the reporter. Even if this
            option is unchecked, users can still add comments to bugs.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editcomponents</emphasis>: 
            This flag allows a user to create new products and components,
            as well as modify and destroy those that have no bugs associated
            with them. If a product or component has bugs associated with it,
            those bugs must be moved to a different product or component
            before Bugzilla will allow them to be destroyed.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editkeywords</emphasis>: 
            If you use Bugzilla's keyword functionality, enabling this
            feature allows a user to create and destroy keywords. As always,
            the keywords for existing bugs containing the keyword the user
            wishes to destroy must be changed before Bugzilla will allow it
            to die.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>editusers</emphasis>: 
            This flag allows a user to do what you're doing right now: edit
            other users. This will allow those with the right to do so to
            remove administrator privileges from other users or grant them to
            themselves. Enable with care.</para>
          </listitem>


          <listitem>
            <para>
            <emphasis>tweakparams</emphasis>: 
            This flag allows a user to change Bugzilla's Params 
            (using <filename>editparams.cgi</filename>.)</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para> 
            <emphasis>&lt;productname&gt;</emphasis>:
            This allows an administrator to specify the products 
            in which a user can see bugs. If you turn on the 
            <quote>makeproductgroups</quote> parameter in
            the Group Security Panel in the Parameters page, 
            then Bugzilla creates one group per product (at the time you create 
            the product), and this group has exactly the same name as the 
            product itself. Note that for products that already exist when
            the parameter is turned on, the corresponding group will not be
            created. The user must still have the <quote>editbugs</quote> 
            privilege to edit bugs in these products.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </section>

      <section id="user-account-deletion">
        <title>Deleting Users</title>
        <para>
          If the <quote>allowuserdeletion</quote> parameter is turned on, see
          <xref linkend="parameters" />, then you can also delete user accounts.
          Note that this is most of the time not the best thing to do. If only
          a warning in a yellow box is displayed, then the deletion is safe.
          If a warning is also displayed in a red box, then you should NOT try
          to delete the user account, else you will get referential integrity
          problems in your database, which can lead to unexpected behavior,
          such as bugs not appearing in bug lists anymore, or data displaying
          incorrectly. You have been warned!
        </para>
      </section>

      <section id="impersonatingusers">
        <title>Impersonating Users</title>
        
        <para>
        There may be times when an administrator would like to do something as
        another user.  The <command>sudo</command> feature may be used to do 
        this.
        </para>
        
        <note>
          <para>
          To use the sudo feature, you must be in the
          <emphasis>bz_sudoers</emphasis> group.  By default, all
          administrators are in this group.</para>
        </note>
        
        <para>
        If you have access to this feature, you may start a session by
        going to the Edit Users page, Searching for a user and clicking on 
        their login.  You should see a link below their login name titled 
        "Impersonate this user".  Click on the link.  This will take you 
        to a page where you will see a description of the feature and 
        instructions for using it.  After reading the text, simply 
        enter the login of the user you would like to impersonate, provide 
        a short message explaining why you are doing this, and press the 
        button.</para>
        
        <para>
        As long as you are using this feature, everything you do will be done 
        as if you were logged in as the user you are impersonating.</para>
        
        <warning>
          <para>
          The user you are impersonating will not be told about what you are 
          doing.  If you do anything that results in mail being sent, that 
          mail will appear to be from the user you are impersonating.  You 
          should be extremely careful while using this feature.</para>
        </warning>
      </section>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="classifications" xreflabel="Classifications">
    <title>Classifications</title>

    <para>Classifications tend to be used in order to group several related
    products into one distinct entity.</para>

    <para>The classifications layer is disabled by default; it can be turned
    on or off using the useclassification parameter,
    in the <emphasis>Bug Fields</emphasis> section of the edit parameters screen.</para>

    <para>Access to the administration of classifications is controlled using
    the <emphasis>editclassifications</emphasis> system group, which defines
    a privilege for creating, destroying, and editing classifications.</para>

    <para>When activated, classifications will introduce an additional
    step when filling bugs (dedicated to classification selection), and they
    will also appear in the advanced search form.</para>
  </section>

  <section id="products" xreflabel="Products">
    <title>Products</title>

    <para>
    <glossterm linkend="gloss-product" baseform="product">
    Products</glossterm> typically represent real-world
    shipping products. Products can be given 
    <xref linkend="classifications"/>. 
    For example, if a company makes computer games, 
    they could have a classification of "Games", and a separate
    product for each game. This company might also have a 
    <quote>Common</quote> product for units of technology used 
    in multiple games, and perhaps a few special products that
    represent items that are not actually shipping products 
    (for example, "Website", or "Administration").
    </para>

    <para>
    Many of Bugzilla's settings are configurable on a per-product
    basis. The number of <quote>votes</quote> available to 
    users is set per-product, as is the number of votes
    required to move a bug automatically from the UNCONFIRMED 
    status to the CONFIRMED status.
    </para>

    <para>
    When creating or editing products the following options are
    available: 
    </para> 

    <variablelist>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Product
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            The name of the product
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Description
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            A brief description of the product
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Default milestone
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Select the default milestone for this product.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Closed for bug entry
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Select this box to prevent new bugs from being
            entered against this product.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Maximum votes per person
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this 
            product
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Maximum votes a person can put on a single bug
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Maximum votes a user is allowed to give for this 
            product in a single bug
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Confirmation threshold
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Number of votes needed to automatically remove any
            bug against this product from the UNCONFIRMED state
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Version
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Specify which version of the product bugs will be
            entered against.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term>
          Create chart datasets for this product
        </term>
        <listitem>
          <para> 
            Select to make chart datasets available for this product.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    <para>
    When editing a product there is also a link to edit Group Access Controls,
    see <xref linkend="product-group-controls"/>.
    </para>

    <section id="create-product">
      <title>Creating New Products</title>

    <para>
    To create a new product:
    </para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para> 
        Select <quote>Administration</quote> from the footer and then
        choose <quote>Products</quote> from the main administration page.
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>
        Select the <quote>Add</quote> link in the bottom right.
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>
        Enter the name of the product and a description. The
        Description field may contain HTML.
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>
        When the product is created, Bugzilla will give a message
        stating that a component must be created before any bugs can
        be entered against the new product. Follow the link to create
        a new component. See <xref linkend="components"/> for more
        information.
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>

    </section>

    <section id="edit-products">
      <title>Editing Products</title>

      <para>
      To edit an existing product, click the "Products" link from the 
      "Administration" page. If the 'useclassification' parameter is
      turned on, a table of existing classifications is displayed,
      including an "Unclassified" category. The table indicates how many products
      are in each classification. Click on the classification name to see its
      products. If the 'useclassification' parameter is not in use, the table 
      lists all products directly. The product table summarizes the information 
      about the product defined
      when the product was created. Click on the product name to edit these
      properties, and to access links to other product attributes such as the
      product's components, versions, milestones, and group access controls.
      </para>

      </section>

      <section id="comps-vers-miles-products">
        <title>Adding or Editing Components, Versions and Target Milestones</title>
        <para>
          To edit existing, or add new, Components, Versions or Target Milestones 
          to a Product, select the "Edit Components", "Edit Versions" or "Edit
          Milestones" links from the "Edit Product" page. A table of existing 
          Components, Versions or Milestones is displayed. Click on a item name 
          to edit the properties of that item. Below the table is a link to add 
          a new Component, Version or Milestone. 
        </para>
        <para>
          For more information on components, see <xref linkend="components"/>.
        </para>
        <para>
          For more information on versions, see <xref linkend="versions"/>.
        </para>
        <para>
          For more information on milestones, see <xref linkend="milestones"/>.
        </para>
      </section>

      <section id="product-group-controls">
        <title>Assigning Group Controls to Products</title>

        <para> 
        On the <quote>Edit Product</quote> page, there is a link called 
        <quote>Edit Group Access Controls</quote>. The settings on this page 
        control the relationship of the groups to the product being edited.
        </para> 

        <para>
        Group Access Controls are an important aspect of using groups for 
        isolating products and restricting access to bugs filed against those
        products. For more information on groups, including how to create, edit
        add users to, and alter permission of, see <xref linkend="groups"/>.
        </para>

        <para>
        After selecting the "Edit Group Access Controls" link from the "Edit
        Product" page, a table containing all user-defined groups for this 
        Bugzilla installation is displayed. The system groups that are created
        when Bugzilla is installed are not applicable to Group Access Controls.
        Below is description of what each of these fields means.
        </para>

        <para>
        Groups may be applicable (e.g bugs in this product can be associated
        with this group) , default (e.g. bugs in this product are in this group
        by default), and mandatory (e.g. bugs in this product must be associated
        with this group) for each product. Groups can also control access 
        to bugs for a given product, or be used to make bugs for a product 
        totally read-only unless the group restrictions are met. The best way to
        understand these relationships is by example. See 
        <xref linkend="group-control-examples"/> for examples of 
        product and group relationships.
        </para>
  
        <note>
          <para>
            Products and Groups are not limited to a one-to-one relationship. 
            Multiple groups can be associated with the same product, and groups
            can be associated with more than one product. 
          </para>
        </note> 

        <para>
        If any group has <emphasis>Entry</emphasis> selected, then the 
        product will restrict bug entry to only those users 
        who are members of <emphasis>all</emphasis> the groups with 
        <emphasis>Entry</emphasis> selected.
        </para>

        <para>
        If any group has <emphasis>Canedit</emphasis> selected, 
        then the product will be read-only for any users 
        who are not members of <emphasis>all</emphasis> of the groups with
        <emphasis>Canedit</emphasis> selected. <emphasis>Only</emphasis> users who 
        are members of all the <emphasis>Canedit</emphasis> groups 
        will be able to edit bugs for this product. This is an additional 
        restriction that enables finer-grained control over products rather 
        than just all-or-nothing access levels.
        </para>

        <para>
        The following settings let you 
        choose privileges on a <emphasis>per-product basis</emphasis>.
        This is a convenient way to give privileges to 
        some users for some products only, without having 
        to give them global privileges which would affect 
        all products.
        </para>

        <para>
        Any group having <emphasis>editcomponents</emphasis> 
        selected  allows users who are in this group to edit all 
        aspects of this product, including components, milestones 
        and versions.
        </para>

        <para>
        Any group having <emphasis>canconfirm</emphasis> selected 
        allows users who are in this group to confirm bugs 
        in this product.
        </para>

        <para>
        Any group having <emphasis>editbugs</emphasis> selected allows 
        users who are in this group to edit all fields of 
        bugs in this product.
        </para>

        <para>
        The <emphasis>MemberControl</emphasis> and 
        <emphasis>OtherControl</emphasis> are used in tandem to determine which 
        bugs will be placed in this group. The only allowable combinations of
        these two parameters are listed in a table on the "Edit Group Access Controls"
        page. Consult this table for details on how these fields can be used.
        Examples of different uses are described below.
        </para>

      <section id="group-control-examples">
      <title>Common Applications of Group Controls</title>

      <para>
        The use of groups is best explained by providing examples that illustrate
        configurations for common use cases. The examples follow a common syntax:
        <emphasis>Group: Entry, MemberControl, OtherControl, CanEdit,
        EditComponents, CanConfirm, EditBugs</emphasis>. Where "Group" is the name
        of the group being edited for this product. The other fields all
        correspond to the table on the "Edit Group Access Controls" page. If any
        of these options are not listed, it means they are not checked.      
      </para>
      
          <para>
            Basic Product/Group Restriction
          </para>

        <para>
          Suppose there is a product called "Bar". The 
          "Bar" product can only have bugs entered against it by users in the
          group "Foo". Additionally, bugs filed against product "Bar" must stay
          restricted to users to "Foo" at all times. Furthermore, only members
          of group "Foo" can edit bugs filed against product "Bar", even if other
          users could see the bug. This arrangement would achieved by the
          following:
        </para>

        <programlisting>
Product Bar: 
foo: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY, CANEDIT
        </programlisting>

        <para>
          Perhaps such strict restrictions are not needed for product "Bar". A 
          more lenient way to configure product "Bar" and group "Foo" would be:
        </para>

        <programlisting>
Product Bar: 
foo: ENTRY, SHOWN/SHOWN, EDITCOMPONENTS, CANCONFIRM, EDITBUGS
        </programlisting>

        <para>
          The above indicates that for product "Bar", members of group "Foo" can
          enter bugs. Any one with permission to edit a bug against product "Bar"
          can put the bug
          in group "Foo", even if they themselves are not in "Foo". Anyone in group
          "Foo" can edit all aspects of the components of product "Bar", can confirm
          bugs against product "Bar", and can edit all fields of any bug against
          product "Bar".
        </para>
 
          <para>
            General User Access With Security Group
          </para>

             <para>
               To permit any user to file bugs against "Product A",
               and to permit any user to submit those bugs into a
               group called "Security":  
            </para>

      <programlisting> 
Product A:
security: SHOWN/SHOWN
      </programlisting>

          <para>
            General User Access With A Security Product
          </para>

          <para>
            To permit any user to file bugs against product called "Security"
            while keeping those bugs from becoming visible to anyone
            outside the group "SecurityWorkers" (unless a member of the
            "SecurityWorkers" group removes that restriction):
          </para>

          <programlisting> 
Product Security:
securityworkers: DEFAULT/MANDATORY
          </programlisting>

          <para>
            Product Isolation With a Common Group
          </para>

          <para>
            To permit users of "Product A" to access the bugs for
            "Product A", users of "Product B" to access the bugs for 
            "Product B", and support staff, who are members of the "Support 
            Group" to access both, three groups are needed:
          </para>

          <orderedlist>

          <listitem>
            <para>Support Group: Contains members of the support staff.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>AccessA Group: Contains users of product A and the Support group.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>AccessB Group: Contains users of product B and the Support group.</para>
          </listitem>

          </orderedlist>

          <para>
            Once these three groups are defined, the product group controls
            can be set to:
          </para>

          <programlisting>
Product A:
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Product B:
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
        </programlisting>

        <para>
         Perhaps the "Support Group" wants more control. For example, 
         the "Support Group"  could be permitted to make bugs inaccessible to 
         users of both groups "AccessA" and "AccessB". 
         Then, the "Support Group" could be permitted to publish
         bugs relevant to all users in a third product (let's call it 
         "Product Common") that is read-only
         to anyone outside the "Support Group". In this way the "Support Group" 
         could control bugs that should be seen by both groups. 
         That configuration would be:
        </para>

      <programlisting>
Product A:
AccessA: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product B:
AccessB: ENTRY, MANDATORY/MANDATORY
Support: SHOWN/NA
Product Common:
Support: ENTRY, DEFAULT/MANDATORY, CANEDIT
      </programlisting>

          <para>
            Make a Product Read Only
          </para>

          <para>
            Sometimes a product is retired and should no longer have
            new bugs filed against it (for example, an older version of a software
            product that is no longer supported). A product can be made read-only
            by creating a group called "readonly" and adding products to the
            group as needed:
          </para>

         <programlisting>
Product A:
ReadOnly: ENTRY, NA/NA, CANEDIT
         </programlisting>

        <note>
          <para>
            For more information on Groups outside of how they relate to products
            see <xref linkend="groups"/>.
          </para>
        </note>

       </section>

    </section>

  </section>

  <section id="components" xreflabel="Components">
    <title>Components</title>

    <para>Components are subsections of a Product. E.g. the computer game 
    you are designing may have a "UI"
    component, an "API" component, a "Sound System" component, and a
    "Plugins" component, each overseen by a different programmer. It
    often makes sense to divide Components in Bugzilla according to the
    natural divisions of responsibility within your Product or
    company.</para>

    <para>
    Each component has a default assignee and (if you turned it on in the parameters),
    a QA Contact. The default assignee should be the primary person who fixes bugs in
    that component. The QA Contact should be the person who will ensure
    these bugs are completely fixed. The Assignee, QA Contact, and Reporter
    will get email when new bugs are created in this Component and when
    these bugs change. Default Assignee and Default QA Contact fields only
    dictate the 
    <emphasis>default assignments</emphasis>; 
    these can be changed on bug submission, or at any later point in
    a bug's life.</para>

    <para>To create a new Component:</para>

   <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Select the <quote>Edit components</quote> link 
        from the <quote>Edit product</quote> page</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Select the <quote>Add</quote> link in the bottom right.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Fill out the <quote>Component</quote> field, a 
        short <quote>Description</quote>, the 
        <quote>Default Assignee</quote>, <quote>Default CC List</quote> 
        and <quote>Default QA Contact</quote> (if enabled). 
        The <quote>Component Description</quote> field may contain a 
        limited subset of HTML tags. The <quote>Default Assignee</quote> 
        field must be a login name already existing in the Bugzilla database. 
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="versions">
    <title>Versions</title>

    <para>Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders
    3.1", "Flinders 95", and "Flinders 2000". Version is not a multi-select
    field; the usual practice is to select the earliest version known to have
    the bug.
    </para>

    <para>To create and edit Versions:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions"</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>You will notice that the product already has the default
        version "undefined". Click the "Add" link in the bottom right.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Enter the name of the Version. This field takes text only. 
        Then click the "Add" button.</para>
      </listitem>

    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="milestones">
    <title>Milestones</title>

    <para>Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by. For
    example, you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0 release, it
    would be assigned the milestone of 3.0.</para>

    <note>
      <para>Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you turned
      on the "usetargetmilestone" parameter in the "Bug Fields" tab of the
      "Parameters" page.
      </para>
    </note>

    <para>To create new Milestones, and set Default Milestones:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Select "Edit milestones" from the "Edit product" page.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Select "Add" in the bottom right corner.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field. You
        can optionally set the "sortkey", which is a positive or negative
        number (-32768 to 32767) that defines where in the list this particular
        milestone appears. This is because milestones often do not 
        occur in alphanumeric order For example, "Future" might be
        after "Release 1.2". Select "Add".</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>
  
 <section id="flags-overview">
   <title>Flags</title>
   
   <para>
     Flags are a way to attach a specific status to a bug or attachment, 
     either <quote>+</quote> or <quote>-</quote>. The meaning of these symbols depends on the text
     the flag itself, but contextually they could mean pass/fail, 
     accept/reject, approved/denied, or even a simple yes/no. If your site
     allows requestable flags, then users may set a flag to <quote>?</quote> as a 
     request to another user that they look at the bug/attachment, and set
     the flag to its correct status.
   </para>

   <section id="flags-simpleexample">
     <title>A Simple Example</title>

     <para>
       A developer might want to ask their manager, 
       <quote>Should we fix this bug before we release version 2.0?</quote> 
       They might want to do this for a <emphasis>lot</emphasis> of bugs,
       so it would be nice to streamline the process...
     </para>
     <para>
       In Bugzilla, it would work this way:
       <orderedlist>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             The Bugzilla administrator creates a flag type called 
             <quote>blocking2.0</quote> that shows up on all bugs in 
             your product.
           </para>
 
           <para>
             It shows up on the <quote>Show Bug</quote> screen
             as the text <quote>blocking2.0</quote> with a drop-down box next
             to it. The drop-down box contains four values: an empty space,
             <quote>?</quote>, <quote>-</quote>, and <quote>+</quote>.
           </para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>The developer sets the flag to <quote>?</quote>.</para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             The manager sees the <computeroutput>blocking2.0</computeroutput>
             flag with a <quote>?</quote> value.
           </para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             If the manager thinks the feature should go into the product
             before version 2.0 can be released, he sets the flag to 
             <quote>+</quote>. Otherwise, he sets it to <quote>-</quote>.
           </para>
         </listitem>
         <listitem>
           <para>
             Now, every Bugzilla user who looks at the bug knows whether or 
             not the bug needs to be fixed before release of version 2.0.
           </para>
         </listitem>
       </orderedlist>
     </para>

   </section>

   <section id="flags-about">
     <title>About Flags</title>

     <section id="flag-values">
       <title>Values</title>
       <para>
         Flags can have three values:
         <variablelist>
           <varlistentry>
             <term><computeroutput>?</computeroutput></term>
             <listitem><simpara>
               A user is requesting that a status be set. (Think of it as 'A question is being asked'.)
             </simpara></listitem>
           </varlistentry>
           <varlistentry>
             <term><computeroutput>-</computeroutput></term>
             <listitem><simpara>
               The status has been set negatively. (The question has been answered <quote>no</quote>.)
             </simpara></listitem>
           </varlistentry>
           <varlistentry>
             <term><computeroutput>+</computeroutput></term>
             <listitem><simpara>
               The status has been set positively.
               (The question has been answered <quote>yes</quote>.)
             </simpara></listitem>
           </varlistentry>
         </variablelist>
       </para>
       <para>
         Actually, there's a fourth value a flag can have -- 
         <quote>unset</quote> -- which shows up as a blank space. This 
         just means that nobody has expressed an opinion (or asked
         someone else to express an opinion) about this bug or attachment.
       </para>
     </section>
   </section>

   <section id="flag-askto">
     <title>Using flag requests</title>
     <para>
       If a flag has been defined as 'requestable', and a user has enough privileges
       to request it (see below), the user can set the flag's status to <quote>?</quote>.
       This status indicates that someone (a.k.a. <quote>the requester</quote>) is asking
       someone else to set the flag to either <quote>+</quote> or <quote>-</quote>.
     </para>
     <para>
       If a flag has been defined as 'specifically requestable', 
       a text box will appear next to the flag into which the requester may
       enter a Bugzilla username. That named person (a.k.a. <quote>the requestee</quote>)
       will receive an email notifying them of the request, and pointing them
       to the bug/attachment in question.
     </para>
     <para>
       If a flag has <emphasis>not</emphasis> been defined as 'specifically requestable',
       then no such text-box will appear. A request to set this flag cannot be made of
       any specific individual, but must be asked <quote>to the wind</quote>.
       A requester may <quote>ask the wind</quote> on any flag simply by leaving the text-box blank.
     </para>
   </section>

   <section id="flag-types">
     <title>Two Types of Flags</title>
    
     <para>
       Flags can go in two places: on an attachment, or on a bug.
     </para>

     <section id="flag-type-attachment">
       <title>Attachment Flags</title>
      
       <para>
         Attachment flags are used to ask a question about a specific 
         attachment on a bug.
       </para>
       <para>
         Many Bugzilla installations use this to 
         request that one developer <quote>review</quote> another 
         developer's code before they check it in. They attach the code to
         a bug report, and then set a flag on that attachment called
         <quote>review</quote> to 
         <computeroutput>review?boss@domain.com</computeroutput>.
         boss@domain.com is then notified by email that
         he has to check out that attachment and approve it or deny it.
       </para>

       <para>
         For a Bugzilla user, attachment flags show up in three places:
         <orderedlist>
           <listitem>
             <para>
               On the list of attachments in the <quote>Show Bug</quote>
               screen, you can see the current state of any flags that
               have been set to ?, +, or -. You can see who asked about 
               the flag (the requester), and who is being asked (the 
               requestee).
             </para>
           </listitem>
           <listitem>
             <para>
              When you <quote>Edit</quote> an attachment, you can 
              see any settable flag, along with any flags that have 
              already been set. This <quote>Edit Attachment</quote> 
              screen is where you set flags to ?, -, +, or unset them.
             </para>
           </listitem>
           <listitem>
             <para>
               Requests are listed in the <quote>Request Queue</quote>, which
               is accessible from the <quote>My Requests</quote> link (if you are
               logged in) or <quote>Requests</quote> link (if you are logged out)
               visible in the footer of all pages.
             </para>
           </listitem>
         </orderedlist>
       </para>

     </section>

     <section id="flag-type-bug">
       <title>Bug Flags</title>

       <para>
         Bug flags are used to set a status on the bug itself. You can 
         see Bug Flags in the <quote>Show Bug</quote> and <quote>Requests</quote>
         screens, as described above.
       </para>
       <para>
         Only users with enough privileges (see below) may set flags on bugs.
         This doesn't necessarily include the assignee, reporter, or users with the
         <computeroutput>editbugs</computeroutput> permission.
       </para>
     </section>

   </section>

   <section id="flags-admin">
     <title>Administering Flags</title>

     <para>
       If you have the <quote>editcomponents</quote> permission, you can
       edit Flag Types from the main administration page. Clicking the
       <quote>Flags</quote> link will bring you to the <quote>Administer
       Flag Types</quote> page. Here, you can select whether you want 
       to create (or edit) a Bug flag, or an Attachment flag.
     </para>
     <para>
       No matter which you choose, the interface is the same, so we'll 
       just go over it once.
     </para>

     <section id="flags-edit">
       <title>Editing a Flag</title>
       <para>
         To edit a flag's properties, just click the flag's name.
         That will take you to the same
         form as described below (<xref linkend="flags-create"/>).
       </para>
     </section>

     <section id="flags-create">
       <title>Creating a Flag</title>
       
        <para>
          When you click on the <quote>Create a Flag Type for...</quote>
          link, you will be presented with a form. Here is what the fields in 
          the form mean:
        </para>

        <section id="flags-create-field-name">
          <title>Name</title>
          <para>
            This is the name of the flag. This will be displayed 
            to Bugzilla users who are looking at or setting the flag. 
            The name may contain any valid Unicode characters except commas
            and spaces.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-description">
          <title>Description</title>
          <para>
            The description describes the flag in more detail. It is visible
            in a tooltip when hovering over a flag either in the <quote>Show Bug</quote>
            or <quote>Edit Attachment</quote> pages. This field can be as
            long as you like, and can contain any character you want.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-category">
          <title>Category</title>

          <para>
            Default behaviour for a newly-created flag is to appear on
            products and all components, which is why <quote>__Any__:__Any__</quote>
            is already entered in the <quote>Inclusions</quote> box.
            If this is not your desired behaviour, you must either set some
            exclusions (for products on which you don't want the flag to appear),
            or you must remove <quote>__Any__:__Any__</quote> from the Inclusions box
            and define products/components specifically for this flag.
          </para>

          <para>
            To create an Inclusion, select a Product from the top drop-down box.
            You may also select a specific component from the bottom drop-down box.
            (Setting <quote>__Any__</quote> for Product translates to, 
            <quote>all the products in this Bugzilla</quote>.
            Selecting  <quote>__Any__</quote> in the Component field means
            <quote>all components in the selected product.</quote>) 
            Selections made, press <quote>Include</quote>, and your
            Product/Component pairing will show up in the <quote>Inclusions</quote> box on the right.
          </para>

          <para>
            To create an Exclusion, the process is the same; select a Product from the
            top drop-down box, select a specific component if you want one, and press
            <quote>Exclude</quote>. The Product/Component pairing will show up in the 
            <quote>Exclusions</quote> box on the right.
          </para>

          <para>
            This flag <emphasis>will</emphasis> and <emphasis>can</emphasis> be set for any
            products/components that appearing in the <quote>Inclusions</quote> box 
            (or which fall under the appropriate <quote>__Any__</quote>). 
            This flag <emphasis>will not</emphasis> appear (and therefore cannot be set) on
            any products appearing in the <quote>Exclusions</quote> box.
            <emphasis> IMPORTANT: Exclusions override inclusions.</emphasis>
          </para>

          <para>
            You may select a Product without selecting a specific Component,
            but you can't select a Component without a Product, or to select a
            Component that does not belong to the named Product. If you do so,
            Bugzilla will display an error message, even if all your products
            have a component by that name.
          </para>

          <para><emphasis>Example:</emphasis> Let's say you have a product called 
            <quote>Jet Plane</quote> that has thousands of components. You want
            to be able to ask if a problem should be fixed in the next model of 
            plane you release. We'll call the flag <quote>fixInNext</quote>.
            But, there's one component in <quote>Jet Plane,</quote> 
            called <quote>Pilot.</quote> It doesn't make sense to release a 
            new pilot, so you don't want to have the flag show up in that component.
            So, you include <quote>Jet Plane:__Any__</quote> and you exclude 
            <quote>Jet Plane:Pilot</quote>.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-sortkey">
          <title>Sort Key</title>
          <para>
            Flags normally show up in alphabetical order. If you want them to 
            show up in a different order, you can use this key set the order on each flag. 
            Flags with a lower sort key will appear before flags with a higher
            sort key. Flags that have the same sort key will be sorted alphabetically,
            but they will still be after flags with a lower sort key, and before flags
            with a higher sort key.
          </para>
          <para>
            <emphasis>Example:</emphasis> I have AFlag (Sort Key 100), BFlag (Sort Key 10), 
            CFlag (Sort Key 10), and DFlag (Sort Key 1). These show up in
            the order: DFlag, BFlag, CFlag, AFlag.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-active">
          <title>Active</title>
          <para>
            Sometimes, you might want to keep old flag information in the 
            Bugzilla database, but stop users from setting any new flags of this type.
            To do this, uncheck <quote>active</quote>. Deactivated
            flags will still show up in the UI if they are ?, +, or -, but they
            may only be cleared (unset), and cannot be changed to a new value.
            Once a deactivated flag is cleared, it will completely disappear from a 
            bug/attachment, and cannot be set again.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-requestable">
          <title>Requestable</title>
          <para>
            New flags are, by default, <quote>requestable</quote>, meaning that they
            offer users the <quote>?</quote> option, as well as <quote>+</quote>
            and <quote>-</quote>.
            To remove the ? option, uncheck <quote>requestable</quote>.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-specific">
          <title>Specifically Requestable</title>
          <para>
            By default this box is checked for new flags, meaning that users may make
            flag requests of specific individuals. Unchecking this box will remove the
            text box next to a flag; if it is still requestable, then requests may
            only be made <quote>to the wind.</quote> Removing this after specific
            requests have been made will not remove those requests; that data will
            stay in the database (though it will no longer appear to the user).
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-field-multiplicable">
          <title>Multiplicable</title>
          <para>
            Any flag with <quote>Multiplicable</quote> set (default for new flags is 'on')
            may be set more than once. After being set once, an unset flag
            of the same type will appear below it with <quote>addl.</quote> (short for 
            <quote>additional</quote>) before the name. There is no limit to the number of
            times a Multiplicable flags may be set on the same bug/attachment.
          </para>
        </section>

	<section id="flags-create-field-cclist">
          <title>CC List</title>

          <para>
            If you want certain users to be notified every time this flag is 
            set to ?, -, +, or unset, add them here. This is a comma-separated 
            list of email addresses that need not be restricted to Bugzilla usernames.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-grant-group">
          <title>Grant Group</title>
          <para>
            When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group
            can set the flag to <quote>+</quote> and <quote>-</quote>. This
            field does not affect who can request or cancel the flag. For that,
            see the <quote>Request Group</quote> field below. If this field
            is left blank, all users can set or delete this flag. This field is
            useful for restricting which users can approve or reject requests.
          </para>
        </section>

        <section id="flags-create-request-group">
          <title>Request Group</title>
          <para>
            When this field is set to some given group, only users in the group
            can request or cancel this flag. Note that this field has no effect
            if the <quote>grant group</quote> field is empty. You can set the
            value of this field to a different group, but both fields have to be
            set to a group for this field to have an effect.
          </para>
        </section>
      </section> <!-- flags-create -->

      <section id="flags-delete">
        <title>Deleting a Flag</title>

        <para>
          When you are at the <quote>Administer Flag Types</quote> screen,
          you will be presented with a list of Bug flags and a list of Attachment
          Flags.
        </para>
        <para>
          To delete a flag, click on the <quote>Delete</quote> link next to
          the flag description.
        </para>
        <warning>
          <para>
            Once you delete a flag, it is <emphasis>gone</emphasis> from
            your Bugzilla. All the data for that flag will be deleted.
            Everywhere that flag was set, it will disappear,
            and you cannot get that data back. If you want to keep flag data,
            but don't want anybody to set any new flags or change current flags,
            unset <quote>active</quote> in the flag Edit form.
          </para>
        </warning>
      </section>

    </section> <!-- flags-admin -->

    <!-- XXX We should add a "Uses of Flags" section, here, with examples. -->

  </section> <!-- flags -->

  <section id="keywords">
    <title>Keywords</title>

    <para>
    The administrator can define keywords which can be used to tag and
    categorise bugs. For example, the keyword "regression" is commonly used.
    A company might have a policy stating all regressions
    must be fixed by the next release - this keyword can make tracking those
    bugs much easier.
    </para>
    <para>
    Keywords are global, rather than per-product. If the administrator changes
    a keyword currently applied to any bugs, the keyword cache must be rebuilt
    using the <xref linkend="sanitycheck"/> script. Currently keywords can not
    be marked obsolete to prevent future usage.
    </para>
    <para>
    Keywords can be created, edited or deleted by clicking the "Keywords"
    link in the admin page. There are two fields for each keyword - the keyword
    itself and a brief description. Once created, keywords can be selected
    and applied to individual bugs in that bug's "Details" section.
    </para>
  </section>

  <section id="custom-fields">
    <title>Custom Fields</title>

    <para>
      The release of Bugzilla 3.0 added the ability to create Custom Fields. 
      Custom Fields are treated like any other field - they can be set in bugs
      and used for search queries. Administrators should keep in mind that
      adding too many fields can make the user interface more complicated and
      harder to use. Custom Fields should be added only when necessary and with 
      careful consideration.
    </para>
    <tip>
      <para>
        Before adding a Custom Field, make sure that Bugzilla can not already
        do the desired behavior. Many Bugzilla options are not enabled by 
        default, and many times Administrators find that simply enabling
        certain options that already exist is sufficient. 
      </para>
    </tip>
    <para>
      Administrators can manage Custom Fields using the
      <quote>Custom Fields</quote> link on the Administration page. The Custom
      Fields administration page displays a list of Custom Fields, if any exist,
      and a link to "Add a new custom field". 
    </para>

    <section id="add-custom-fields">
      <title>Adding Custom Fields</title>

      <para>
        To add a new Custom Field, click the "Add a new custom field" link. This
        page displays several options for the new field, described below.
      </para>

      <para>
        The following attributes must be set for each new custom field:
        <itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Name:</emphasis>
              The name of the field in the database, used internally. This name 
              MUST begin with <quote>cf_</quote> to prevent confusion with 
              standard fields. If this string is omitted, it will
              be automatically added to the name entered. 
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Description:</emphasis>
              A brief string which is used as the label for this Custom Field.
              That is the string that users will see, and should be
              short and explicit.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Type:</emphasis>
              The type of field to create. There are
              several types available:
               <simplelist>
                 <member>
                   Large Text Box: A multiple line box for entering free text.
                 </member>
                 <member>
                   Free Text: A single line box for entering free text.
                 </member>
                 <member>
                   Multiple-Selection Box: A list box where multiple options 
                   can be selected. After creating this field, it must be edited
                   to add the selection options. See 
                   <xref linkend="edit-values-list" /> for information about 
                   editing legal values.
                 </member>
                 <member>
                   Drop Down: A list box where only one option can be selected.
                   After creating this field, it must be edited to add the
                   selection options. See 
                   <xref linkend="edit-values-list" /> for information about 
                   editing legal values.
                 </member>
                 <member>
                   Date/Time: A date field. This field appears with a 
                   calendar widget for choosing the date.
                 </member>
               </simplelist>
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Sortkey:</emphasis>
              Integer that determines in which order Custom Fields are
              displayed in the User Interface, especially when viewing a bug. 
              Fields with lower values are displayed first.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Can be set on bug creation:</emphasis>
              Boolean that determines whether this field can be set on
              bug creation. If not selected, then a bug must be created 
              before this field can be set. See <xref linkend="bugreports" /> 
              for information about filing bugs.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Displayed in bugmail for new bugs:</emphasis>
              Boolean that determines whether the value set on this field
              should appear in bugmail when the bug is filed. This attribute
              has no effect if the field cannot be set on bug creation.
            </para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              <emphasis>Is obsolete:</emphasis>
              Boolean that determines whether this field should
              be displayed at all. Obsolete Custom Fields are hidden.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="edit-custom-fields">
      <title>Editing Custom Fields</title>

      <para>
        As soon as a Custom Field is created, its name and type cannot be
        changed. If this field is a drop down menu, its legal values can
        be set as described in <xref linkend="edit-values-list" />. All
        other attributes can be edited as described above.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="delete-custom-fields">
      <title>Deleting Custom Fields</title>

      <para>
        Only custom fields which are marked as obsolete, and which never
        have been used, can be deleted completely (else the integrity
        of the bug history would be compromised). For custom fields marked
        as obsolete, a "Delete" link will appear in the <quote>Action</quote>
        column. If the custom field has been used in the past, the deletion
        will be rejected. But marking the field as obsolete is sufficient
        to hide it from the user interface entirely.
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="edit-values">
    <title>Legal Values</title>

    <para>
      Since Bugzilla 2.20 RC1, legal values for Operating Systems, platforms,
      bug priorities and severities can be edited from the User Interface
      directly. This means that it is no longer required to manually edit
      <filename>localconfig</filename>. Starting with Bugzilla 2.23.3, 
      the list of valid resolutions can be customized from the same interface.
      Since Bugzilla 3.1.1 the list of valid bug statuses can be customized
      as well.
    </para>

    <section id="edit-values-list">
      <title>Viewing/Editing legal values</title>
      <para>
        Editing legal values requires <quote>admin</quote> privileges.
        Select "Legal Values" from the Administration page. A list of all
        fields, both system fields and Custom Fields, for which legal values
        can be edited appears. Click a field name to edit its legal values.
      </para>
      <para>
        There is no limit to how many values a field can have, but each value 
        must be unique to that field. The sortkey is important to display these
        values in the desired order.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="edit-values-delete">
      <title>Deleting legal values</title>
      <para>
        Legal values from Custom Fields can be deleted, but only if the 
        following two conditions are respected:
      </para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
	  <para>The value is not used by default for the field.</para>
	</listitem>

	<listitem>
	  <para>No bug is currently using this value.</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      <para>
        If any of these conditions is not respected, the value cannot be deleted.
	The only way to delete these values is to reassign bugs to another value
	and to set another value as default for the field.
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="bug_status_workflow">
    <title>Bug Status Workflow</title>

    <para>
      The bug status workflow is no longer hardcoded but can be freely customized
      from the web interface. Only one bug status cannot be renamed nor deleted,
      UNCONFIRMED, but the workflow involving it is free. The configuration
      page displays all existing bug statuses twice, first on the left for bug
      statuses we come from and on the top for bug statuses we move to.
      If the checkbox is checked, then the transition between the two bug statuses
      is legal, else it's forbidden independently of your privileges. The bug status
      used for the "duplicate_or_move_bug_status" parameter must be part of the
      workflow as that is the bug status which will be used when duplicating or
      moving a bug, so it must be available from each bug status.
    </para>
    <para>
      When the workflow is set, the "View Current Triggers" link below the table
      lets you set which transitions require a comment from the user.
    </para>
  </section>

  <section id="voting">
    <title>Voting</title>

    <para>Voting allows users to be given a pot of votes which they can allocate
    to bugs, to indicate that they'd like them fixed. 
    This allows developers to gauge
    user need for a particular enhancement or bugfix. By allowing bugs with
    a certain number of votes to automatically move from "UNCONFIRMED" to
    "CONFIRMED", users of the bug system can help high-priority bugs garner
    attention so they don't sit for a long time awaiting triage.</para>

    <para>To modify Voting settings:</para>

    <orderedlist>
      <listitem>
        <para>Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you
        wish to modify</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis>Maximum Votes per person</emphasis>:
        Setting this field to "0" disables voting.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis>Maximum Votes a person can put on a single
         bug</emphasis>: 
         It should probably be some number lower than the
        "Maximum votes per person". Don't set this field to "0" if
        "Maximum votes per person" is non-zero; that doesn't make
        any sense.</para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para><emphasis>Number of votes a bug in this product needs to
        automatically get out of the UNCONFIRMED state</emphasis>: 
        Setting this field to "0" disables the automatic move of
        bugs from UNCONFIRMED to CONFIRMED. 
        </para>
      </listitem>

      <listitem>
        <para>Once you have adjusted the values to your preference, click
        "Update".</para>
      </listitem>
    </orderedlist>
  </section>

  <section id="quips">
    <title>Quips</title>

    <para>
      Quips are small text messages that can be configured to appear
      next to search results. A Bugzilla installation can have its own specific
      quips. Whenever a quip needs to be displayed, a random selection
      is made from the pool of already existing quips.
    </para>
  
    <para>
      Quips are controlled by the <emphasis>enablequips</emphasis> parameter.
      It has several possible values: on, approved, frozen or off.
      In order to enable quips approval you need to set this parameter
      to "approved". In this way, users are free to submit quips for
      addition but an administrator must explicitly approve them before
      they are actually used.
    </para>

    <para>
      In order to see the user interface for the quips, it is enough to click
      on a quip when it is displayed together with the search results. Or
      it can be seen directly in the browser by visiting the quips.cgi URL
      (prefixed with the usual web location of the Bugzilla installation).
      Once the quip interface is displayed, it is enough to click the
      "view and edit the whole quip list" in order to see the administration
      page. A page with all the quips available in the database will
      be displayed.
    </para>

    <para>
      Next to each tip there is a checkbox, under the
      "Approved" column. Quips who have this checkbox checked are
      already approved and will appear next to the search results.
      The ones that have it unchecked are still preserved in the
      database but they will not appear on search results pages.
      User submitted quips have initially the checkbox unchecked.
    </para>
  
    <para>
      Also, there is a delete link next to each quip,
      which can be used in order to permanently delete a quip.
    </para>
  </section>

  <section id="groups">
    <title>Groups and Group Security</title>

    <para>
    Groups allow for separating bugs into logical divisions.
    Groups are typically used
    to isolate bugs that should only be seen by certain people. For
    example, a company might create a different group for each one of its customers
    or partners. Group permissions could be set so that each partner or customer would
    only have access to their own bugs. Or, groups might be used to create
    variable access controls for different departments within an organization.
    Another common use of groups is to associate groups with products,
    creating isolation and access control on a per-product basis.
    </para>

    <para>
    Groups and group behaviors are controlled in several places:
    </para>

      <orderedlist>

         <listitem>
           <para>
             The group configuration page. To view or edit existing groups, or to
             create new groups, access the "Groups" link from the "Administration"
             page. This section of the manual deals primarily with the aspect of
             group controls accessed on this page.  
           </para>
         </listitem> 

        <listitem>
          <para>
            Global configuration parameters. Bugzilla has several parameters 
            that control the overall default group behavior and restriction
            levels. For more information on the parameters that control 
            group behavior globally, see <xref linkend="param-group-security"/>.
          </para>

         </listitem>

         <listitem>
          <para>
            Product association with groups. Most of the functionality of groups
            and group security is controlled at the product level. Some aspects
            of group access controls for products are discussed in this section,
            but for more detail see <xref linkend="product-group-controls"/>.
          </para>
         </listitem>

         <listitem>
          <para>
            Group access for users. See <xref linkend="users-and-groups"/> for
            details on how users are assigned group access.
          </para>
         </listitem>

      </orderedlist>

    <para>
      Group permissions are such that if a bug belongs to a group, only members
      of that group can see the bug. If a bug is in more than one group, only
      members of <emphasis>all</emphasis> the groups that the bug is in can see
      the bug. For information on granting read-only access to certain people and
      full edit access to others, see <xref linkend="product-group-controls"/>.
     </para> 

     <note>
      <para>
        By default, bugs can also be seen by the Assignee, the Reporter, and 
        by everyone on the CC List, regardless of whether or not the bug would 
        typically be viewable by them. Visibility to the Reporter and CC List can 
        be overridden (on a per-bug basis) by bringing up the bug, finding the 
        section that starts with <quote>Users in the roles selected below...</quote>
        and un-checking the box next to either 'Reporter' or 'CC List' (or both).
      </para>
    </note> 

    <section id="create-groups">
      <title>Creating Groups</title>

      <para>
        To create a new group, follow the steps below:
      </para>
  
      <orderedlist>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            Select the <quote>Administration</quote> link in the page footer, 
            and then select the <quote>Groups</quote> link from the 
            Administration page.
          </para>
        </listitem>
  
        <listitem>
          <para>
            A table of all the existing groups is displayed. Below the table is a
            description of all the fields. To create a new group, select the 
            <quote>Add Group</quote> link under the table of existing groups.
          </para>
        </listitem>
  
        <listitem>
          <para>
            There are five fields to fill out. These fields are documented below
            the form. Choose a name and description for the group. Decide whether
            this group should be used for bugs (in all likelihood this should be
            selected). Optionally, choose a regular expression that will
            automatically add any matching users to the group, and choose an
            icon that will help identify user comments for the group. The regular
            expression can be useful, for example, to automatically put all users
            from the same company into one group (if the group is for a specific
            customer or partner). 
          </para>
            <note>
             <para>
               If <quote>User RegExp</quote> is filled out, users whose email 
               addresses match the regular expression will automatically be 
               members of the group as long as their email addresses continue 
               to match the regular expression. If their email address changes
               and no longer matches the regular expression, they will be removed
               from the group. Versions 2.16 and older of Bugzilla did not automatically
               remove users who's email addresses no longer matched the RegExp.
             </para>
            </note>
            <warning>
             <para>
               If specifying a domain in the regular expression, end
               the regexp with a "$". Otherwise, when granting access to 
               "@mycompany\.com", access will also be granted to 
               'badperson@mycompany.com.cracker.net'. Use the syntax,
               '@mycompany\.com$' for the regular expression.
             </para>
            </warning>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
          After the new group is created, it can be edited for additional options. 
          The "Edit Group" page allows for specifying other groups that should be included
          in this group and which groups should be permitted to add and delete
          users from this group. For more details, see <xref linkend="edit-groups"/>.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
  
    </section>
 
    <section id="edit-groups">
      <title>Editing Groups and Assigning Group Permissions</title>

      <para>
        To access the "Edit Groups" page, select the 
        <quote>Administration</quote> link in the page footer, 
        and then select the <quote>Groups</quote> link from the Administration page.
        A table of all the existing groups is displayed. Click on a group name
        you wish to edit or control permissions for.
      </para>

      <para>
       The "Edit Groups" page contains the same five fields present when 
       creating a new group. Below that are two additional sections, "Group
       Permissions," and "Mass Remove". The "Mass Remove" option simply removes
       all users from the group who match the regular expression entered. The
       "Group Permissions" section requires further explanation.
      </para>

      <para>
       The "Group Permissions" section on the "Edit Groups" page contains four sets
       of permissions that control the relationship of this group to other
       groups. If the 'usevisibilitygroups' parameter is in use (see
       <xref linkend="parameters"/>) two additional sets of permissions are displayed. 
       Each set consists of two select boxes. On the left, a select box
       with a list of all existing groups. On the right, a select box listing
       all groups currently selected for this permission setting (this box will
       be empty for new groups). The way these controls allow groups to relate
       to one another is called <emphasis>inheritance</emphasis>. 
       Each of the six permissions is described below.
      </para>

      <variablelist>

        <varlistentry>

          <term>
            <emphasis>Groups That Are a Member of This Group</emphasis>
          </term>

          <listitem>
            <para> 
              Members of any groups selected here will automatically have 
              membership in this group. In other words, members of any selected 
              group will inherit membership in this group. 
            </para>
          </listitem>

        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>

          <term>
            <emphasis>Groups That This Group Is a Member Of</emphasis>
          </term>

          <listitem>
            <para>
              Members of this group will inherit membership to any group 
              selected here. For example, suppose the group being edited is
              an Admin group. If there are two products  (Product1 and Product2) 
              and each product has its
              own group (Group1 and Group2), and the Admin group 
              should have access to both products, 
              simply select both Group1 and Group2 here. 
           </para>
          </listitem>

        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>

          <term>
            <emphasis>Groups That Can Grant Membership in This Group</emphasis>
          </term>

          <listitem>
           <para>
             The members of any group selected here will be able add users
             to this group, even if they themselves are not in this group.
           </para>
          </listitem>

        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>

          <term>
            <emphasis>Groups That This Group Can Grant Membership In</emphasis>
          </term>

          <listitem>
           <para>
             Members of this group can add users to any group selected here,
             even if they themselves are not in the selected groups.  
           </para>
          </listitem>

        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>

          <term>
            <emphasis>Groups That Can See This Group</emphasis>
          </term>

          <listitem>
           <para>
             Members of any selected group can see the users in this group.
             This setting is only visible if the 'usevisibilitygroups' parameter
             is enabled on the Bugzilla Configuration page. See
             <xref linkend="parameters"/> for information on configuring Bugzilla.
           </para>
          </listitem>

        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>

          <term>
            <emphasis>Groups That This Group Can See</emphasis>
          </term>

          <listitem>
           <para>
             Members of this group can see members in any of the selected groups.
             This setting is only visible if the 'usevisibilitygroups' parameter
             is enabled on the the Bugzilla Configuration page. See
             <xref linkend="parameters"/> for information on configuring Bugzilla.               
           </para>
          </listitem>

        </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

    </section>

    <section id="users-and-groups">
      <title>Assigning Users to Groups</title>

      <para>
        A User can become a member of a group in several ways:
      </para>

      <orderedlist>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            The user can be explicitly placed in the group by editing
            the user's profile. This can be done by accessing the "Users" page
            from the "Administration" page. Use the search form to find the user
            you want to edit group membership for, and click on their email
            address in the search results to edit their profile. The profile
            page lists all the groups, and indicates if the user is a member of
            the group either directly or indirectly. More information on indirect
            group membership is below. For more details on User administration,
            see <xref linkend="useradmin"/>.
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
           The group can include another group of which the user is
           a member. This is indicated by square brackets around the checkbox  
           next to the group name in the user's profile. 
           See <xref linkend="edit-groups"/> for details on group inheritance.
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            The user's email address can match the regular expression
            that has been specified to automatically grant membership to
            the group. This is indicated by "*" around the check box by the
            group name in the user's profile.
            See <xref linkend="create-groups"/> for details on 
            the regular expression option when creating groups.
           </para>
        </listitem>

      </orderedlist>

    </section>

    <section>
     <title>Assigning Group Controls to Products</title>

     <para>
     The primary functionality of groups is derived from the relationship of 
     groups to products. The concepts around segregating access to bugs with
     product group controls can be confusing. For details and examples on this
     topic, see <xref linkend="product-group-controls" />.
     </para>

    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="sanitycheck">
    <title>Checking and Maintaining Database Integrity</title>

    <para>
    Over time it is possible for the Bugzilla database to become corrupt
    or to have anomalies.
    This could happen through normal usage of Bugzilla, manual database
    administration outside of the Bugzilla user interface, or from some
    other unexpected event. Bugzilla includes a "Sanity Check" script that
    can perform several basic database checks, and repair certain problems or
    inconsistencies. 
    </para>
    <para>
    To run the "Sanity Check" script, log in as an Administrator and click the
    "Sanity Check" link in the admin page. Any problems that are found will be
    displayed in red letters. If the script is capable of fixing a problem,
    it will present a link to initiate the fix. If the script can not
    fix the problem it will require manual database administration or recovery.
    </para>
    <para>
    The "Sanity Check" script can also be run from the command line via the perl
    script <filename>sanitycheck.pl</filename>. The script can also be run as
    a <command>cron</command> job. Results will be delivered by email.
    </para>
    <para>
    The "Sanity Check" script should be run on a regular basis as a matter of
    best practice.
    </para>
    <warning>
      <para>
      The "Sanity Check" script is no substitute for a competent database
      administrator. It is only designed to check and repair basic database
      problems.
      </para>
    </warning>

  </section>


</chapter>

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