Found with cppcoreguidelines-interfaces-global-init
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>

Some FFmpeg filters change the sample format, and since MPD assumes
this never happens, this results in loud noise instead of music.  This
commit finally implements the TODO comment by sending one frame of
silence to the filter and checking the output frame's format.

Closes https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/1009

This adds support for input samples other than 16 bit to the FFmpeg
filter plugin.

If no conversion is necessary, return the child Filter as-is.  This
allows removing all nullptr checks from AutoConvertFilter.

If the FFmpeg filter outputs planar data, interleave it, just like the
FFmpeg decoder plugin does.

filter_chain_parse() passes a temporary string pointer which results
in a use-after-free in the PreparedChainFilter::Child::Open() error
message.

[[maybe_unused]] (introduced in C++17) is standard C++.

https://clang.llvm.org/docs/AttributeReference.html#maybe-unused-unused
says that this is equivalent to the GNU unused attribute.
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>

The former is deprecated by C++14. The standard says they are the same:

The header defines all types and macros the same as the C standard library
header<stdint.h>.
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>

The former was deprecated with C++14.

According to the C++11 and C++17 standards, both files are identical.
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>

Introduced in C++17. It replaces gcc's warn_unused_result.

Found with modernize-use-nodiscard.
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>

Found with modernize-use-override
Signed-off-by: Rosen Penev <rosenp@gmail.com>

Applying software volume to S16 samples means several bits of
precision are lost; at 25% volume, two bits are lost.  Additionally,
dithering adds some noise.

The problem gets worse when you apply the software volume code twice:
for the software mixer volume, and again for the replay gain.  This
loses some more precision and adds even more dithering noise, which
can become audible (see
https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/542).

By converting everything to 24 bit, we need to shift only two bits to
the right instead of ten, losing nearly no precision, and dithering is
not needed.  Even if the output device is unable to play S24 directly,
we can convert back to S16 with only one stage of dithering.

Closes https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/542

Prepare for a new mode which may convert to a different sample format
when applying volume, to reduce dithering.

Let the constructor and destructor do this.  This means that all users
have to be converted to allocate PcmConvert dynamically.

The two were never used at the same time, and merging them saves one allocation.

This transfers ownership of the buffer instead of adding another reference.

Fix another memory leak.

Closes https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/514

A newly allocated buffer doesn't need this call; it only adds overhead
for copying the data.

av_frame_get_buffer() leaks memory if buffers were already allocated.

Fixes one of the memory leaks of https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/514