Start to separate private from public input_stream API.

Make those two methods optional to implement, and let input_stream.c
provide fallbacks.  The buffer() method will be removed one day, and
there is now only one implementation left (input_curl.c).

The open_stream() method opens the input_stream.  This allows the
archive plugin to do its own initialization, and it also allows it to
use input_stream.data.  We can remove input_stream.archive now, which
was unnatural to have in the first place.