Behave like STL.

Since we switched from autotools to Meson in commit
94592c14, we don't need to include
`config.h` early to properly enable large file support.  Meson passes
the required macros on the compiler command line instead of defining
them in `config.h`.

This means we can include `config.h` at any time, whenever we want to
check its macros, and there are no ordering constraints.

Only _WIN32 is defined by the compiler, and WIN32 is not standardized
and may be missing.

Closes #169

The "pure" and "const" attributes are not so well-defined, and a
recent clang version implements an optimization which pushes the
definition's boundary beyond what I believed it was.  clang now
assumes that functions declared "pure" cannot throw exceptions, even
if they lack the "noexcept" specification.

When compiled with this new clang version, MPD will crash randomly if
an exception happens to get thrown by such as "pure" function
(https://github.com/MusicPlayerDaemon/MPD/issues/41).

This commit removes all such misplaced "pure" and "const" attributes,
closing #41.

This eliminates some overhead, because the compiler doesn't need to
consider these functions throwing.

We don't need this anymore: Win32 doesn't use this library at all, and
everything else has either iconv() or libicu.

Don't define HAVE_FS_CHARSET, and make GetFSCharset() return "ACP"
instead of "UTF-8".  Ignore the configuration setting, which had no
effect anyway.

Don't expose pointer that requires the caller to invoke g_free(),
because that's GLib-only.

Don't abort the process, let the caller decide instead.

If fs_charset is empty, i.e. we're using the default "utf-8",
GetFSCharset() should return exactly that instead of an empty
std::string.

Move the "extern" declarations from output_list.c, for more type
safety.