Since we switched from autotools to Meson in commit
94592c14, we don't need to include
`config.h` early to properly enable large file support.  Meson passes
the required macros on the compiler command line instead of defining
them in `config.h`.

This means we can include `config.h` at any time, whenever we want to
check its macros, and there are no ordering constraints.

This fixes an old bug which caused the "unused" warnings to be
unreliable; only the first block in the list was marked as being
"used", no matter if it was really used, and the rest was never marked
as "used", suppressing all warnings for them.

This eliminates some overhead, because the compiler doesn't need to
consider these functions throwing.

Move code from config_parse_path().

The old struct config_param remains only for top-level string options.

Move code from config_global_finish().

Merge duplicate code.